![]() ![]() Katharine Cashman is a volcanologist who studies links between chemical and physical factors that control magma ascent, eruption, and emplacement on the Earth’s surface. Through the use of AI, we are able to create apparently truthful images of things that do not exist. The issues of trust, reliability and misinformation that characterise our world were also present, in embryo, in the seventeenth century. Today our technology enables us to reproduce what can be seen down a microscope and we can manipulate it in order to clarify, or sometimes, to deceive. Frustrations with printing were often expressed by authors, and sometimes images that were meant as hypotheses were taken to be real by readers and viewers. In no case was the same person involved in every step of the process. At the time, the production of printed images involved a complex process of seeing, drawing, engraving and printing, with different eyes seeing different things at each stage. As a visual instrument, it required some representation of what could be seen in order to convince other thinkers, and sometimes the general public, that what was claimed to be seen could in fact be seen. The development of the microscope as a scientific instrument in the second half of the seventeenth century posed a major problem. The power and the process of microscopic images: from the single lens to Photoshop ![]() Finally, Katharine will illustrate ways in which these developments in microscopy have contributed to a fundamental paradigm shift in our understanding of the structure of subvolcanic systems and links to the eruptive behaviour of volcanoes. Example studies from 19th century eruptions of Krakatau, Indonesia, and Kilauea, Hawaii, will provide a platform for tracing developments in volcanic petrography through the introduction of electron microscopy in the mid-twentieth century to modern applications of micro-computed tomography, a non-destructive technique that allows rock structures and compositions to be studied in three dimensions. Microscopy was particularly important for the study of volcanic rocks, where the constituent crystals are typically very small because of rapid cooling during eruption. The development of microscopic petrography (examination of ‘thin sections’ of rocks using a specially designed microscope) in the mid-nineteenth century revolutionised both the study of minerals and of the rocks that they form. Katharine V Cashman FRS, University of Oregon, USA Looking through rocks: applications to volcano research, past and present This event is taking place with the support of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the United Kingdom The presentations will be followed by a live Q&A, where audiences in person and online can join the conversation. In this discussion chaired by Dirk van Miert, director of the Huygens Institute for the History and Culture of the Netherlands, Katharine Cashman and Matthew Cobb will explore the development of microscopy and its applications in their respective areas of research. Join us for a discussion and Q&A with Professor Katharine Cashman FRS, Professor Matthew Cobb, and Dr Dirk van Miert to celebrate Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and the development of microscopy to the present day. The papers in this conference will make clear that microscopic practices and the way in which scientists communicated their findings to each other started in Leeuwenhoek’s time and are still used today.Ĭonference organisers: Dr Sietske Fransen, Bibliotheca Hertziana – Max Planck Institute for Art History Drs Tiemen Cocquyt, Rijksmuseum Boerhaave Professor Dr Eric Jorink, Leiden University & Huygens Instituut.īooking via Eventbrite is essential for this eventįor all enquiries, please contact travel and accessibility informationįrom Leeuwenhoek to the electron microscope We will show how Leeuwenhoek was working as part of a large European network of scientists exploring the natural world with microscopes. In this conference we will take a close look at Leeuwenhoek’s seventeenth- and eighteenth-century microscopic practices as well as the development of the field of microscopy from his death to the twenty-first century. ![]() With these instruments and his outstanding preparation and observation techniques, he was the first to see and describe red blood cells, bacteria and many other things. He made his own lenses and small hand-held microscopes which were more versatile than most other devices at the time. Leeuwenhoek, born in Delft in the Netherlands in 1632, developed himself into one of the most prolific early microscopists. He had been corresponding with the Royal Society for fifty years. Three hundred years ago the Dutch microscopist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek died. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and his impact on the history of microscopyĪ celebration of the work of Dutch microscopist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723) and the development of microscopy to the present day. ![]()
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